im still waiting for my period too, its supposed to be coming maybe in a week or 2 so im not so sure.

Asked 1 hour ago.

Dr. Ashok Koparday’s reply.

ANSWER

Try to remember when your expected period is due. My reply would have been specific and possibly reassuring if you were to tell me when you are to have periods, is your menstrual cycle regular, how many days you bleed.
RIGHT NOW the option you have is to take Emergency Contraception. Please read about this ‘morning after pill’.

HOPE FOR THE BEST. BE PREPARED FOR THE WORST.
If you don’t get periods on the expected date do Urine Pregnancy Test.

From the details you provided it is most likely that you have no pregnancy.

Urine Pregnancy Test will confirm or refute this.

Following this, if you find that you are pregnant you can take medicines for Medical Termination of Pregnancy under medical supervision.

Confide in well meaning mature adult friend or relative and get help. So many relatives and friends love you, care for you.

Go to qualified Gynecologist to seek clear guidance. Doctor is bound to keep secrecy. Law provides for legal permission for Medical Termination of Pregnancy irrespective of your age and circumstances. The doctor will educate you on methods of birth control that all youngsters must know.

Once and for all read and KNOW about simple methods of birth control like ‘calendar method’.

Source(s):
http://mydoctortells.com,

http://doctortells.blogspot.com

http://www.time.com/time/specials/packages/article/0,28804,2101344_2101158_2101153,00.html

One of the most common worries for a newly pregnant woman is whether it’s O.K. to keep doing what got her pregnant in the first place. For low-risk pregnancies, the verdict isin: Sex is a go .
In a review of previous studies, published in February in the Canadian Medical Association Journal , researchers concluded that there’s absolutely nothing wrongwith having intercourse, provided a pregnancy is progressing without complications. “Sex in pregnancy is normal,” wrote the authors. “Thereare very few proven contraindications and risks to intercourse in low-risk pregnancies, andtherefore these patients should be reassured.”
Abstinence may be advised in situations of placenta previa, in which the placenta covers the cervix, or when there’s a risk of preterm labor. But even previous preterm births don’t necessarily mean a woman should swear off sex.
The fear that orgasm triggers uterine contractions that can leadto labor is unfounded; while orgasm does stimulate the uterus, contractions are thought to ease once the orgasm winds down.
The research is intended as a guide for doctors, some of whom — like oneItalian physician who tells his patients to avoid orgasm — aren’t offering evidence-based advice, according to Dan Farine, the head of the maternal-fetal-medicine department at the University of Toronto. Farine says the Italian doctor would tell his patients to have as much sex as they want “as long as they don’t enjoy it.”
Having sex near your due date — an oft-shared tip for bringing baby out — doesn’t catapult you into labor, says lead author Claire Jones. Some studieshave shown an association; others haven’t. That said, notes Jones, “if you’re feeling comfortable and you want to try, why not?”

WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF SURROGACY?
The child bearing woman may be the child’s genetic mother (called traditional surrogacy), or she may carry the pregnancy to delivery after having an embryo, to which she has no genetic relationship whatsoever, transferred to her uterus (called gestational surrogacy). If the pregnant woman received compensation for carrying and delivering the child (besides medical and other reasonable expenses) the arrangement is called a commercial surrogacy, otherwise the arrangement is sometimes referred to as an altruistic surrogacy.

HOW IS SURROGACY DONE?
When sperm and ovum are fertilized in the laboratory and the resulting embryo is transferred into another healthy woman, who is called the surrogate mother.

REASONS FOR SURROGACY
The social parents (that is, those that intend to raise the child) may arrange a surrogate pregnancy because of homosexuality, female infertility, or other medical issues which may make the pregnancy or delivery impossible, risky or otherwise undesirable.

Read about Commercial Surrogacy in India.
See HOW SURROGACY IN INDIA IS DIFFERENT COMPARED TO THAT IN THE WORLD.

http://mydoctortells.com/surrogacy-commercial-india/

SURROGACY concerns
Artificial insemination
Bioethics
Embryo transfer
Fertility
Fertility tourism
Human Fertilisation and Embryology Act 2008
In-vitro fertilization
Infertility
Reproduction
Repugnant market
Sperm donation
Third party reproduction

REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy

http://mydoctortells.com/surrogacy-commercial-india/

What is surrogacy? Click here.

WORLD WIDE THERE ARE DIFFERENT LAWS FOR SURROGACY
Australia
In all states in Australia (except Tasmania which bans all surrogacy under the Surrogacy Contracts Act 1993), altruistic surrogacy has been the only recently recognized surrogacy that has become legal. However, in all states and the Australian Capital Territory arranging commercial surrogacy is a criminal offense.

Canada
The Assisted Human Reproduction Act (AHRC) permits only altruistic surrogacy.

France
In France, since 1994, any surrogacy arrangement that is commercial or altruistic, is illegal or unlawful and is not sanctioned by the law.

United Kingdom, Hong Kong and Hungary
Commercial surrogacy is criminal.

Japan
In March 2008, the Science Council of Japan proposed a ban on surrogacy and said that doctors, agents and their clients should be punished for commercial surrogacy arrangements.

Iceland and Italy
All surrogacy arrangements (both commercial and altruistic) are illegal.

Israel
Israel the first country in the world to implement a form of state-controlled surrogacy in which each and every contract must be approved directly by the state. The numerous restrictions on surrogacy under Israeli law have prompted some intended parents to turn to surrogates outside of the country.

Russian Federation
Gestational surrogacy, even commercial [is legal in Russia],[26] being [available for practically all adults willing to be parents.

United States of America
Some States in USA penalize, some are friendly, such as California, Illinois, and Maryland, among others.

For legal purposes, what matters is where the contract is completed, where the surrogate mother resides, and where the birth takes place. Therefore, individuals living in a non-friendly state can still benefit from the polices of surrogacy friendly states by working with a surrogate who lives and will give birth in a friendly state.

California, which is a surrogacy friendly state, attracts intended parents from around the country, including, because of its relatively friendly civil rights regime, many LGBT individuals. Women working as surrogates include many military wives who use it to supplement their income and help others create families while their own partners are deployed.

On the contrary,
New York law provides for civil penalties for those who participate in or facilitate a commercial surrogacy contract in New York

Pakistan
In Karachi and Lahore, many hospitals are doing this business, government of Pakistan has not yet defined any policy on Surrogacy.

REFERENCE

http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Surrogacy

http://mydoctortells.com/surrogacy/

Aamir Khan, Kiran get a son through IVF, surrogacy
by
Bharati Dubey & Malathy Iyer, TNN | Dec 6, 2011, 01.29AM IST

Aamir Khan-Kiran Rao blessed with baby boy

MUMBAI: On December 1, actor Aamir Khan and his filmmaker-wife, Kiran Rao welcomed their first-born son-but with a classy difference. The couple, in an openness that is rare in the Indian society, announced that their son was born through surrogacy using the IVF (in-vitro fertilization) technique.

Their letter, which was released to the media on Monday, thanked miracles of science and read, “This baby is especially dear to us because he was born to us after a long wait and some difficulty.” The letter added that due to medical complications, “we were advised to have a baby through IVF-surrogacy, and we feel very grateful to the Almighty that all has gone well”.

The couple didn’t mention whether their son was born in Mumbai or outside. They underwent treatment with Dr Firuza Parikh, who heads Jaslok Hospital’s IVF department. On Monday, Dr Parikh told TOI, “This is an extremely happy moment for us. Kiran has gone through a lot and we are all excited for her. They underwent IVF-surrogacy treatment and they are the biological and genetic parents of the baby.” Family sources suggested that Kiran Rao (38), who suffered a miscarriage last year, had uterine medical problems that necessitated a surrogacy.

The couple married in December 2005. Aamir (46) has two other children from his first wife, Reena Dutta.

On Monday, in a single sweep of words, the actor who is associated with some path-breaking films emerged as the poster-boy for IVF and surrogacy-terms that Indians in general have been too squeamish to discuss in the open. His ‘endorsement of sorts’ comes in a year of controversies surrounding surrogacy in Mumbai; babies born through it to foreigners were deemed ‘stateless’ because their parents’ country of origin didn’t recognize surrogacy.

The medical fraternity believes that Aamir’s letter will change the public perception about IVF. Dr Indira Hinduja, who is officially credited with India’s first test-tube baby born in KEM Hospital 25 years ago, said, “It’s nice of Aamir Khan to talk about it. He is a top star and people may now no longer mind undergoing a surrogacy treatment and talking about it.”

Infertility specialist Dr Hrishikesh Pai said Aamir’s statement would bring surrogacy into the mainstream of medicine. But, more important, he said, was that Aamir’s “speaking out” will help people accept the world of IVF. “I get calls from former patients saying they have recommended my centre to a friend or family member. In the same breath, they add that they don’t want this person to know that they themselves had undergone IVF treatment with me earlier. People are paranoid about being considered disadvantaged for seeking help in having a child.”

Aamir’s endorsement could have both a positive and a negative impact, said infertility specialist Dr Aniruddha Malpani. “Celebs play a big role in influencing societal attitudes and the fact that Aamir Khan has used surrogacy to have a baby and has issued a press release stating this publicly means that many other infertile couples will want to learn more about this option,” he said.

The bad impact, he said, is that surrogacy will now become more acceptable as a method of family building. “The danger is that many other infertile couples will follow blindly in his footsteps. Surrogacy can be misused, overused and abused,” added Dr Malpani.

• Dr. Firuza Parikh
• Dr. Indira Hinduja
• Dr. Hrishikesh Pai
• Dr. Aniruddha Malpani
  are all from Mumbai, past students of Seth G. S. Medical College and K. E. M. Hospital, Parel, Mumbai, same as
• Dr. Ashok Koparday

Source and Copyright of:
The above appeared verbatim in The Times Of India today on December 06, 2011.

http://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/entertainment/bollywood/news-interviews/Aamir-Khan-Kiran-get-a-son-through-IVF-surrogacy/articleshow/10999104.cms

SUA is not to be taken lightly.
You may have to meet more than one Gynecologist to be sure what is to be done.

What is SUA?
Normally, when the umbilical cord develops, it forms three vessels: two arteries and one vein. However, in some cases, just one artery develops. Precisely why this occurs is not entirely known. It is suspected, though, that one artery may simply stop growing as it develops or perhaps that the primordial umbilical artery does not divide properly.

Single umbilical artery SUA is the most common malformation of the umbilical cord. On its own, SUA does not necessarily pose a risk to you or your child as an umbilical cord with just one artery is sufficient to support a pregnancy to term. However, SUA does increase your child’s risk for certain birth defects.

POSSIBLE RISKS WITH SUA

SUA has Been Found; Will My Baby be Born Healthy?

Anywhere from half to two-thirds of babies born with single artery umbilical cord are born healthy and with no chromosomal or congenital abnormalities. Of the remaining babies with SUA , some studies suggest that about 25 percent have birth defects, including chromosomal and/or other abnormalities. These can include trisomy 13 or trisomy 18. However, the most common pregnancy complications that occur in infants with SUA are heart defects, gastrointestinal tract abnormalities and problems with the central nervous system. The respiratory system, urinary tract, and musculoskeletal system may also be affected. One in five babies affected by SUA will be born with multiple malformations.

Aside from these problems, between 15% and 20% of infants with SUA may suffer from intrauterine growth retardation. Single umbilical artery also has an increased miscarriage rate of 22% associated with it, likely due to the increased abnormalities. Furthermore, there is an association between SUA and low birthweight (<2500g) and early delivery (<37 weeks).

HOW TO BE SURE BABY IS NORMAL?

It is likely that you will receive a more thorough ultrasound scan in order to detect any abnormalities. Since ultrasound scans are very good at picking up abnormalities, if you have a normal ultrasound, then it is likely that your baby will be born without any congenital or chromosomal abnormalities. A fetal echocardiogram may also be performed to check the health of your child.

In the presence of an otherwise reassuring prenatal ultrasound, the only other change to antenatal care one might make is a growth scan to make sure the baby is growing at a normal rate toward the last month of pregnancy.

References
1. http://www.womens-health.co.uk/sua.asp

2. http://emedicine.medscape.com/article/262470-overview

3. http://www.amazingpregnancy.com/pregnancy-articles/181.html

How to know safe days for sexual intercourse?

1

CALENDAR METHOD OR RHYTHM METHOD

Click Here for More Information

2

BASAL BODY TEMPERATURE

using BBT Thermometer
Due to the release of the hormone called progesterone, basal body temperature rises at the period of ovulation. In order to detect this rise in temperature, it is necessary to take recordings at the same time, such as first thing in the morning as soon as you wake up every day, before taking any food or fluids. Temperature can increase by 0.5 to 1.6 degrees. Keeping a record for several months will help you detect a pattern in your cycle. Best time for FERTILIZATION is two or three days before temperature hits its high point. Special thermometers called basal thermometers
are used to detect this rise in temperature.
Click Here For More Information

Changes in

3

CERVICAL MUCUS

Another natural way to predict ovulation is by checking cervical mucus. Cervical mucus is almost nonexistent during the infertile phase, and even the little that it is present is brittle. But as you near the time of your ovulation, cervical mucus becomes thick and begins to resemble egg whites. The volume of secretion increases and this is the best time to conceive.

4

POSITION OF CERVIX

Checking the position of the cervix is another way of predicting ovulation, though it is more difficult than the other two. At the end of the menstrual cycle, the cervix rests low, feels hard and is closed. The cervix begins to soften as ovulation approaches and reaches a position that is on top of the vagina. During ovulation, the opening of the cervix is wide in order to allow the sperm to enter freely.

“Is sex safe in pregnancy?
I am pregnant in second trimester.
Is penis size in pregnency does creat any problem?
Thanks.”

SOLVED
Reply:
Yes, sex is safe during 2nd trimester, in 3 rd trimester too.
Sex is safe until the time baby is about to come.

Sex is a natural function. The husband usually longs for sex and he need not be deprived of it. In high risk pregnancy, the gynecologist themselves mention not to have sex, and other do’s and don’ts.

In normal pregnancy the position that is most comfortable to you has to be chosen. Woman on top is preferred by women or woman lying with her buttocks at the edge of the bed. The guy is standing and is able to guide his penis inside the vagina.

Uterus, or the womb, is a tough structure. It is so tough that it does not allow abortion nor harm to the mother or the fetus. Had it not been muscular and tough, we may have not required legalization of abortion in the Medical Termination of Pregnancy MTP Act 1971.

Penis goes only in the vagina, the outer passage.

I have not found proof, but my study tells me sex during pregnancy is beneficial to the woman, the man, and for the bonding of the couple.

You asked
Is penis size in pregnency does creat any problem?

SOLVED
Reply:
SAFE
If the Obstetrician has not explicitly prohibited sexual intercourse and has declared this particular pregnancy as high risk, peno – vaginal sexual intercourse is totally safe.
Neither the penis size nor the thrusting during intercourse a problem.

BENEFICIAL
Dopamine and other neurotransmitters are liberated with satisfactory sex. These are called happy hormones and are conducive to well being and help withstand stress*.

REFERENCE

*
according to study by
Stuart Brody, a psychologist at the University of Paisley in Scotland
“The effects are not attributable simply to the short-term relief afforded by orgasm but rather, endure for at least a week,” he told New Scientist magazine.
He believes the release of the so-called “pair bonding” hormone oxytocin might explain the calming effect.
_ reports from Reuters

I have quoted this study to emphasize that sex is nature’s basic function and is beneficial to the human body and mind in pregnancy as well as other times. If you do not enjoy sex than the ‘why’ of it needs to be found.

• Consultant in Sexual Medicine
• Counselor for Pregnancy, Relationships
• Member of Family Planning Association of India
• Fellow to the Council of Sex Education and Parenthood (International).

He has been teaching faculty at

• Seth G. S. Medical College affiliated to K.E.M. Hospital and
• Grant Medical College affiliated to
  Sir J. J. Group of Hospitals,
• University of Mumbai

GIRSH KENOY – PEGNANCY DATES -CLOSER

What to do immediately after sex to prevent pregnancy?

single dose 1.5 mg Levonorgestrel

750μg + 750 μg = 1.5 mg Levonorgestrel SINGLE DOSE has been successfully used as method of prevention of pregnancy within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse.
Alternatively,

TWO DOSES of Levonorgestrel 750μg

first dose of Levonorgestrel 750μg within 72 hours of unprotected sex followed after 12 hours by Levonorgestrel 750μg

When is Emergency Contraception used?

Emergency Contraception is to be used in unprotected sexual intercourse where pregnancy is NOT WANTED.
Unprotected sexual intercourse is where

• birth control methods to prevent pregnancy, like condom, have not been used or
• there is
  rupture of condom (failure of contraceptive method used) or
• forced sex or
• sex during irregular periods,
• sex during breast feeding.

When is Emergency Contraception NOT TO BE USED?

Needless to say, Emergency Contraception is not to be used as a routine following every sexual intercourse as replacement or substitute for birth control methods , like condom, oral contraceptive OC pills, Intra Uterine Contraceptive Device. IUD.

What are the other names of Emergency Contraception?

Post Coital Pill, Morning After Pill, Emergency Hormone Contraception

What are the names of medicines available in market?

Usual

• Oral Contraceptive Pills, taken 4 at a time, followed by another 4 after 12 hours, example 4 Ovral © Pills does the same function as Emergency Contraceptive Pills, (Yuzpe regimen),

Brand names

• i-pill (Cipla © India),
• Plan B;
• Levonelle© ;
• NorLevo© ;
• Postinor-2© ;

i-pill helpline: 1-800-22-9898 (toll-free) or 022-3200 0055
Cipla has set up helpline numbers to answer questions about emergency contraception to promote its product i-pill.

EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTIVE PILL IS NOT ABORTION PILL

Doctor’s prescription is not required for EC it being legally and medically approved.

How does emergency contraceptive pill work?

EC Pill prevents the implantation of the egg in the uterus and avoids the beginning of pregnancy.

EC Pill works by means of ( depending upon where you may be in your menstrual cycle.)

1. It may stop an egg being released from the ovary.
2. If an egg has been released, EC Pill may prevent the sperm from fertilizing it.
3. If the egg is already fertilized, it may prevent it from attaching itself to the lining of the womb.

MORE ABOUT EMERGENCY CONTRACEPTION
Use of Mifepristone, which is not a Progestin and use of IUD are other methods of Emergency Contraception